| 資料來源:康健雜誌 2010/05/09 |
| 更新日期:2010-05-09 記者:【文‧林芝安 圖‧陳德信】 台灣人一年花在保健食品的錢,可以再蓋一棟101大樓。 《康健》調查發現,台灣民眾不分男女老少瘋保健食品, 不看標示、產地、認證,聽人家說這不錯,就掏錢了, 買保健食品像買零食;知道食品與藥品會有交互作用的人,不到一成。 你是否每天也對著瓶瓶罐罐「閱兵」,想著今天該吃哪幾種? 怎樣可以避開風險,吃對買對? 45 歲男性有痛風,朋友建議喝五葉松汁保健,一個月後他狂瀉、狂拉血水,腸子都快爛掉,動了五次手術,切除大小腸。 59歲女性長期吃素,為了保健,聽朋友推薦喝山竹果汁後,導致急性藥物疹、過敏性皮膚炎,整張臉幾乎毀容。 「婦女門診快要變成保健食品諮詢門診了,」林口長庚醫院精神科醫師蕭美君形容,許多病人經常抱著瓶瓶罐罐來問她可不可以吃。 台中榮總婦產科醫師黃曉峰也有同樣經驗,經常有更年期婦女拿保健食品問他該不該吃,「食品不可以宣稱療效,否則就得證明給主管機關看,說這是健康食品。問題是,為什麼要用買仙丹的錢,去買食品?」黃曉峰直言。 保健食品其實在國外稱做膳食補充品(dietary supplement),介乎食品與藥物之間,不具療效,不能因為補充吃這些產品,就可以有病不去治,更要小心買到不合格的保健或健康食品而傷害身體。 曾跟著查緝小組追查地下電台的資深媒體人蘭萱點出,有些產品販賣恐懼,有些賣你希望,「保健食品很神奇,同時販賣恐懼與希望。」 民眾通常不是理性購買,不是因為知道自己缺少什麼就去買什麼,而是聽別人說「喝咖啡小心缺鈣」然後就去買鈣片。蘭萱認為,民眾自動將保健與醫療區分開來,有病痛去找醫生,沒病去吃保健食品可以養生,認為「反正吃多也不會怎樣」,而且「即使有害也太慢性、長期,所以大家容易掉以輕心。」 不合格保健食品吃了傷身體 亂吃藥或保健食品不只會傷肝、腎,更有人因此導致心臟衰竭甚或股骨頭壞死。 有個老太太按時吃藥,血壓控制不錯,近一個月來爬樓梯愈來愈喘,跟醫生說只有吃高血壓的藥,沒想到到院時已心臟衰竭。抽血檢驗發現她的腎上腺皮質醇濃度異常,醫生追問後才知道她吃了「蛇丸」(民俗用藥),原來老太太經常骨頭痠痛,吃了後比較舒服就更常吃了。 「這裡面可能有類固醇,才會止痛,」壢新醫院家醫科醫師沈錳碩說,老太太長期服用類固醇,水分在體內滯留,體內荷爾蒙產生變化,免疫力下降。 還有個39歲男性不明原因髖關節疼痛好幾個月,不像是一般肌肉拉傷,照X光才知股骨頭整個壞死。「通常在台灣最常見有兩個原因:酗酒、服用類固醇,」沈錳碩逐一找答案,病人坦承平常有喝點小酒,還不到酗酒程度,再追問有沒有吃其他藥物或補品。果然,病人從事勞動工作,跟同事揪團去夜市買保健產品想要補身增強體力,吃了幾個月,愈吃全身愈痠痛。 沈錳碩指出,門診時問病史、有沒有吃什麼藥物,除非醫生特別強調中草藥、保健食品、營養補充品也算藥品要說出來,否則民眾通常會搖搖頭說沒有,「他們以為這些是食品,吃了不會怎樣,也就不會主動告知醫生。」 常見的迷思還包括:認為吃西藥會傷身,吃保健食品就可減少吃西藥的量,例如以為吃了保健食品可以幫助高血壓控制,就可以減少吃高血壓的藥,沈錳碩點出。 民眾愛吃保健食品,跟食補文化有關,認為「健康可以用吃得出來,」屈臣氏健康用品處長鄭鈞疄觀察發現,年年暢銷的保健產品總是從食補、養氣切入,不像西方人認為要搭配運動、接觸大自然,才能得到健康。 「喝出健康」、「補出健康」觀念也讓成年子女找到輕鬆孝順父母的方式,久久回家探望父母,保健食品不僅是必備伴手禮,更成了「贖罪券」,或者是社交工具,親友間年節互相餽贈。 台北醫學大學藥學系教授鄭慧文直言,希望父母健康是真的,但很大一部份是滿足我們的孝心,也滿足了父母的虛榮心,即便父母沒吃,也會去跟左鄰右舍親朋好友說,這是我孩子從國外帶回來的。 老父母獨自生活,缺少關懷,地下電台自然可趁虛而入,每天照三餐噓寒問暖,主持人好像比自己的孩子還窩心,因為信任,電台藥物自然愈賣愈好,地下電台也就春風吹又生了。 不法藥物、中草藥、保健食品、經過認證的健康食品在生活中無孔不入,愈來愈多,因為這屬於食品,不像藥品需要一連串動物、人體臨床試驗後才准上市,門檻低、利潤高、需求大,再加上健保藥價年年砍,愈來愈多藥廠乾脆棄健保藥改攻佔保健食品市場。 甚至醫界也懷疑,台灣每年進口200噸的藥漿其中20噸做了藥錠,剩下的180噸去了哪裡,除了給家禽、家畜吃,是不是也製成各種保健食品,擔心民眾長期吃摻了西藥的保健食品,會讓台灣穩居世界洗腎第一寶座,健保財務將連帶雪上加霜。 為了解民眾購買保健食品的心態與行為,《康健》進行全國大調查,成功訪問1289位20歲以上國人,得到許多出乎意料的結果,發現民眾和政府都還有需要努力的空間。 A男女老少,全民瘋保健 調查發現,不分性別或年齡,有高達九成五的民眾吃過保健食品,如果從地區來看,東部稍微少一些(表A-1)。 超過七成有買過保健食品,購買次數集中在兩個極端,5次以下最多(34.7%),其次是16次以上(20.58%)。 從年齡來看,輕度購買者(1~5次)中以20~29歲最多,而40~49歲與60歲以上這些中、老年人偏重度購買(16次以上),顯然,政府不應只針對老年人做衛教宣導,年輕人的購買力也不容小覷,應該被重視。(表A-2、A-3) 一次最高花1001~3000元的人最多,佔了40.5%,其次1000元以下;仍有超過一成民眾最高一次花費在萬元以上,這些人以30~39歲、高中職學歷為多。(表A-4、A-5) 八成一的民眾為自己而買,半數幫親友買,三分之一為了小孩買;有趣的是,還有不少男性會為客戶、同事、親友而買,社交意味濃,女性則較常替小孩買。(表A-6) 最常在哪裡買? 雖然政府積極取締地下電台,調查發現,民眾購買的管道相當多元,藥局排行第一,其次是直銷通路(或朋友介紹)、連鎖藥妝店、大賣場、醫院診所,至於電視購物頻道與網購也有一成多,社區活動中心、遊覽車也是新興促銷管道(表A-7)。 東部民眾的購買行為則很特別,北中南部最常在藥局購買,但東部卻被直銷通路攻佔(60.9%),在診所、醫院購買的比率也是各區最高的(7.9%)。(表A-7) 這幾年,電視購物頻道異軍突起,甚至有「類談話性節目」,找個專家談成分,加上藝人來賓當見證,最後附上購物專線,這時才恍悟,原來是廣告。 從這次調查發現,女性、40~49歲、學歷高中職、北部地區民眾,最常在電視購物頻道買保健食品。 【專家的擔心】李權芳(三總臨床藥學科主任):別把你的肚子當燒杯 該怎麼辨別電視購物的產品是否適合自己?我認為這不容易判斷,所以乾脆不要看。我曾經花些時間研究第四台主持人如何賣藥、賣保健食品,有一次,我忍無可忍,打電話去抗議。 那是某個減肥產品,號稱全球已經有35000篇臨床試驗,研究結果如何有效。我一聽,幾乎傻眼,通常某個成分只要有40個臨床試驗就很了不起了,我很火大,直接拿起電話嚴正抗議。我對接線小姐說:全球不會有35000篇針對某成分在全球進行臨床試驗的事情,你們太誇張了,請你們立刻下架,否則我要跟衛生局投訴。 民眾要有思辨能力,不要聽銷售員胡吹亂蓋,他們經常使用實驗手法,在電視上放個燒杯,倒一點粉進去,油被吸附住之後就沉下去了,然後就宣稱這個產品可以吸收油脂,有瘦身功效。這合理嗎?燒杯又不是你的肚子,這個實驗只能代表在燒杯裡可以讓油沉下去,不代表在你肚子裡也會結成一塊讓大腸吸收,結塊之後更不代表幾個小時候會順利排便出來。 我的專長是療效評估,曾在丹麥哥本哈根大學附設Rigshospitalet醫院臨床試驗中心暨國際實證醫學中心肝膽小組接受療效評估訓練,目前醫界對於療效的判定是以嚴謹臨床試驗的數據作為評估的基礎。 即使名人代言,你也要有能力辨別,如果這位名人沒有醫療專業,憑什麼要相信他? B超過半數的民眾擔心買到黑心貨傷身失財 調查發現,五成三的民眾擔心買到黑心或假冒的保健食品,擔心因而造成金錢損失的有五成五,擔心因此讓身體受到損害造成不良影響的有六成五。 (精采完整內文請見《康健雜誌》138期,http://www.commonhealth.com.tw/article/index.jsp?page=1&id=6531) |
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